Cljim22's Supply Chains

Quinine Source

March 1, 2012

A first map showing the 19th century sources of cinchona bark for making the drug quinine in the Howard & Sons factory in West Ham, near London. Before the 1860s, all the cinchona came from South America. By the early 20th century, Java dominated the world marked. If you have an idea for showing change over time using Source Map, leave a comment.

West Ham Industry

March 3, 2012

A new test map showing some of the commodities flowing into East London during the 19th Century. Some of the locations are not overly precise in this draft. I've started pulling out the exact location of the factories (zoom into London to see these details) from my GIS database. In the weeks ahead, I will start adding some of the ports and add a few more commodities. This is the early research for a Digging into Data project called Trading Consequences, which is a partnership between environmental historians in Canada and computer scientists in Scotland. For more information visit the project website and my website: http://tradingconsequences.blogs.edina.ac.uk/ and http://www.jimclifford.ca/

West Ham Industry

March 1, 2012

Supply Chains for 19th century industry.

West Ham Industry

March 1, 2012

Supply Chains for 19th century industry.

19th Century West Ham Soap Industry

March 14, 2012

This map focuses in on some of the raw materials needed to make soap in London during the nineteenth century. I still don't know exactly when soap makers shifted from potash created by burning forests to local made caustic soda or mined potash from Germany. It is also not clear whether most soap makers used coconut and palm oil, along with tallow and other animal fats by the end of the century. I do know that Britain's imports of these two fats grew massively during the century and that John Knight's Primrose Soap factory is mentioned in the secondary sources on the palm oil trade.

19th Century Howard & Sons Quinine

March 14, 2012

19th Century Howard & Sons Quinine

March 14, 2012

This draft map shows the sources of cinchona bark needed to make the antimalarial drug quinine. Howard & Sons were a leading chemical manufacturer in the nineteenth century. They began processing cinchona bark into purified quinine crystals in the 1820. By the 1860s they, along with government officials, worried that the high demand for this commodity might result in a collapse in supply. As a result, John Eliot Howard worked with Kew Gardens, Clements Markam and officials in the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India to secure a British supply. They conspired to smuggle seeds out of the Andes so they could cultivate the trees in plantations. Howard provided the essential scientific and technical knowledge on what spices of cinchona should be chosen. Subsequent historical research suggests the supply from the Andes remained stable through the nineteenth century, as the harvesters used relatively sustainable methods to harvest the bark, but the plantations in Java, started by the Dutch, emerged as the dominant suppliers at the end of the nineteenth century. The map also shows the downstream trade of quinine out to the Niger Delta and India, as a reminder that this produce was essential for the expansion of European empires in the 19th century.

West Ham Industry

March 20, 2012

British Tallow Imports 1814-16

October 11, 2012

The size reflects the value of the imports found in Ralph Davis, The Industrial Revolution and British Overseas Trade. Tallow was used to make soap and candles.

British Tallow Imports 1784-86

October 11, 2012

The size reflects the value of the imports found in Ralph Davis, The Industrial Revolution and British Overseas Trade. Tallow was used to make soap and candles. The majority of imported tallow came from Northern Europe and most of this came from Russia. I've pieced together some sources that suggest sheep from the Kazakh Steppe were processed near Orenburg and then shipped to Britain through Arkhangelst (the White Sea Route). Large amounts of tallow likely came from cattle raised on the Pontic-Caspian steppe and slaughtered for their tallow and hides. They were processed throughout the steepe at sagans, where hundreds of oxen were killed and boiled.

British Tallow Imports 1864-66

October 11, 2012

The size reflects the value of imports from different countries (% of total value of imports). I will find more value showing the tons of data imported. Annual Statement of the Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions in the Year 1869., 1870. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:hcpp-us&rft_dat=xri:hcpp:rec:1870-046682.

British Tallow Imports 1874-76

October 11, 2012

The size reflects the value of imports from different countries (% of total value of imports). I will find more value showing the tons of data imported. Annual Statement of the Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions in the Year 1878.

British Tallow Imports 1884-86

October 11, 2012

The size reflects the value of imports from different countries (% of total value of imports). I will find more value showing the tons of data imported.

British Tallow Imports 1894-96

October 11, 2012

British Fats Imports 1894-1898

October 13, 2012

This is the first draft. Weighting by quantities to come.